Day 1

Pipeline Repair Methods/Hot Tapping/InService Welding

• Introduction
• Incentives
• Primary concerns

Defect Assessment Prior to Repair

• Reason for assessment
• Types of pipeline defects
• Pressure reduction requirements
• Corrosion measurement methods
• Corrosion assessment methods
• Assessment of grinding defects

Welding Processes/Discontinuities and Defects

• Arc welding processes
• Consumable designations
• Crack types and discontinuities vs. defects

Burnthrough and Related Safety Concerns

• Factors affecting burnthrough
• Effect of wall thickness
• Effect of welding parameters
• Effect of flow rate/pressure
• Avoiding burnthrough
• Related concerns

Hydrogen Cracking Concerns

• Recent significant incidents
• Common factor/recommendation
• Hydrogen cracking requirements
• Weld hydrogen levels
• Crack susceptible weld microstructures
• Welding residual stresses
• Welding metallurgy for carbon steels
• Thermal cycles of welded joints
• Prevention of hydrogen cracking

FullEncirclement Repair Sleeves

• Full encirclement sleeve types
• Principal of operation
• Assuring effective reinforcement
• Sleeve design
• Sleeve fabrication
• Other Sleeve Types

Hot Tap Branch Connections

• Branch connection design
• Reinforcement types
• Integrally reinforced
• Line replacement/stopping
• Pressure testing
• Hot tapping through welds

Pipeline Repair by Weld Deposition

• Physical concept
• History of weld deposition repair
• Burnthrough risk
• Integrity restoration
• Practical application
• External repair of internal wall loss
• Regulatory activities